The United States Brief History - 2271 Words

Throughout the United States’ brief history there have been a few black eyes that have haunted the country as a whole and shaped it to what it is today. One of the more important, and dark, moments in the history of the country was the Trail Of Tears. What resulted in the loss of thousands of lives was the relocation of the Native American people who were rightfully on their own land. Behind this calamitous event were the politicians that were leaders of the country of that time. Despite being looked at as heroes, many of our founding fathers and past presidents had a hand in this relocation. While the country’s politicians played the role of the bad guys, there were Native American leaders who took a political stand against this act. Despite the opposition of the natives, the power of the political leaders of the time proved to be too much and eventually overcame the resistance causing this tragic event in American history. As soon as the Europeans set foot in the Americas it was destined for them to strip the land away from the natives who inhabited them. Shortly after the new â€Å"Americans† won their freedom from the English, they began their push west. The removal of the Native American’s began then and was started by our own founding fathers. It is widely believed and taught that President Andrew Jackson was the one to begin the harsh removal of these people from their lands, but he merely continued what was being put into place. What is not known by many is that ourShow MoreRelatedA Brief History Of United States Mental Health Care Essay1896 Words   |  8 PagesPRELIMINARY LITERATURE REVIEW A brief history of the United States’ mental health care The United States has never had an official federal-centered approach for mental health care facilities, entrusting its responsibility to the states throughout the history. The earliest initiatives in this field took place in the 18th century, when Virginia built its first asylum and Pennsylvania Hospital reserved its basement to house individuals with mental disorders (Sundararaman, 2009). During the 19th centuryRead MoreRussi An Extraordinary Outburst Of Social And Cultural Change877 Words   |  4 Pageswell as the rise and fall of many different good political leaders (â€Å"A brief history of Russia†, 2005). Since the Soviet era, Russia has had an extraordinary outburst of social and cultural change (â€Å"A brief history of Russia†, 2005). Russia developed radical styles of constructivism, futurism, and supremacism during this time. In 1924, there was a struggle for power in the Communism party after Lenin’s death (â€Å"A brief history of Russia†, 2005). During the latter half of the decade, a victor emergedRead MorePolio : An American Story1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe Legacy of Polio in the United States Throughout the 1900s, polio was every American family’s worst nightmare. The crippling disease frequently preyed on young children, often leaving them handicapped for life if not dead. Extensive media coverage of polio outbreaks led to nationwide hysteria, prompting the race for a cure. The nation rejoiced when Jonas Salk successfully developed the first effective polio vaccine in 1955. David M. Oshinky’s Polio: An American Story tells the thrilling taleRead MoreAnti Semitism And The Jewish State Essay1389 Words   |  6 Pages#1. Anti-Semitism is the discrimination against Jewish people as individuals and as a group. (A Brief History of Anti-Semitism) People may think that anti-Semitism began with Adolf Hitler but they are mistaken. There is so much evidence of anti-Semitism as far back as the ancient world. (History.com, n.d.) There are three examples of anti-Semitism in Europe prior to World War One that I will discuss. The first example of anti-Semitism in Europe prior to World War One is when a new anti-Judaism evolvedRead MoreThe American War Of 1844-481217 Words   |  5 Pagesthere was ever a more wicked war than that waged by the United States on Mexico† (274). The Mexican-American War of 1844-48 was both a controversial and significant part of United States history, yet it’s forgotten by most Americans today. Events such as, the American-Civil War and Spanish-American war overshadows the memory of the Mexican-American War. However without the consequences of the American conflict with Mexico, American history would look significantly different. That is why some historiansRead MoreAmerica’s View on Immigration638 Words   |  3 Pagesthe late 1800s and beginning of the 1900s, had a diversity of views about immigration and the immigrants. The United States of America, a nation of immigrants, had been welcoming to immigration in the 1800-1900’s. Thomas Page, a professor of the University of Virginia said, â€Å"Until the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the attitude of the press and of the public men in the United States was with few exceptions strongly favorable to immigration. † In America the cultures of these foreigners wereRead MoreA Brief Note On The War On Drugs1356 Words   |  6 Pagespeople around the world. Everyone is entitled to their own opinion, and I fully respect that. Some people say that the War on Drugs is a waste of time and money while others are very concerned about the different drugs that are coming into the United States. It still amazes me that people are continuing to take/do drugs when they see and hear about how many people have overdosed because the drugs are laced with something. According to â€Å"The Hidden Dangers of Laced Drugs†, there are two ways to alterRead MoreWorld War II : The Great People s War1529 Words   |  7 Pagesof those periods and their impact on world history will be the first approach of this assessment. It is important to clarify that these periods cannot be annualized as isolated events that happened in History, but related events that in a way or another influenced each other. After the World War II, the world was divided, and two superpowers emerged and commenced the impulse of two ideologies completely different from each other, on one hand United States promoting capitalist democracy and on theRead MoreThomas Jefferson And His Influence On American History967 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican history, whose influences impacted our early society so much that they are credited with the title of a founding fathe r. One of whom, had much direct impact on our early American societies. Thomas Jefferson, an early American founding father, is credited to have had much influence on what shaped our early American society, and what would go on to eventually become the bases of our modern American way of life. â€Å"Jefferson is best known as the leading classical liberal in American history. AsRead MoreSpace Exploration And Its Impact On Earth1583 Words   |  7 PagesWar II, the United States and the Soviet Union began what is more widely known as the â€Å"Space Race,† where the Soviet Union and the United States raced to see who could successfully launch and orbit a satellite, then eventually a manned spacecraft ( A Brief History). The Soviets launched into orbit before the United States. In 1957, Sputnik 1 was sent into space. Four years later, the Soviets put the first man into orbit with Vostok 1 (A Brief History). Nevertheless, the United States kept pace with

The War Of The American Revolution - 1207 Words

No conflict in American history is as well-known then the American Revolutionary war. War between the colonies and Great Britain began in April of 1775 and, in a years’ time, the conflict will grow into one of the most arduous wars ever fought. After eight years of a hard-fought war, the colonists eventually won their independence over the British. Rooted in the conflict are countless causes and events that ultimately shaped the country into how it is today. The American Revolution also influenced Contemporary American society and even on Pluralism. There is no main specific cause that led to the war. According to one article, â€Å"the conflict arose from growing tensions between residents of Great Britain’s thirteen North American colonies and the colonial government, which represented the British crown† (â€Å"American Revolutionary History, 2009). The numerous causes of the war were rooted in the colonies demand for independence from Great Britain. Many b elieved that the colonies could function independently without Britain’s aid; however, Britain’s claim to the land was that the colonies were established to aid Britain and to do what best suited the mother country. This principle was illustrated in the outcome of the French and Indian war, that lasted from 1754 to 1763. In the conflict, Britain declared war on France to stop the French from gaining control of land in the colonies that Britain thought belonged to them. Britain won the conflict; however, it left themShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The American Revolution1567 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Revolutionary War began in the middle1700s and ended with the Treaty of Paris signed in 1783. When looking at both sides of the argument I still believe the British were to blame for igniting the flames of revolution. A lot of people will argue that the British were fair in the treatment of the early American Colonists and provided for them as they did for their country men remaining in England. In my opinion the colonists were regarded as nothing more than a slave. By this, I mean thatRead MoreThe War Of The American Revolution2393 Words   |  10 PagesThe American Revolution was a political cataclysm between the Monarchy of Great Britain and the thirteen North American colonies. The revolution lasted from 1765 to 1883, however, the armed conflict did not initiate until 19 April 1775, which became what is known as the American Revolutionary War, or the American War of Independence. The revolution was subsequently evoked by the outcomes of the Seven Years’ War (1754-1763) and the Treaty of Paris (1763), followed by a series of taxes and laws enforcedRead MoreThe War Of The American Revolution2351 Words   |  10 PagesThe events that led up to the American Revolution war were not big events but a series of small events when compounded together each created the catalyst to launch the colonists into revolt. The first of the events to create the spiral effect was the seven year war or the French and Indian War. That war was fought by British soldiers on several different continents. The biggest location was fought in the British colonies of North America. The British government wanted to expand their territoryRead MoreThe War Of The American Revolution Essay2260 Words   |  10 PagesEmpire and the British were making a profit from the trade; a win-win situation. But after the Seven Years War, it all shifted. The British were oppressing the colonists and the colonists were angry enough to revolt. The American Revolution was a major turning point in the First British Empire, which led to the British paying attention to the Pacific. What happened that turned the Americans from happy colonists to angry, revolting colonists? Taxes. The colonists felt so threatened by these taxesRead MoreThe American Revolution And American War Of Independence1379 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution or the American War of Inde pendence was one of the most remarkable wars in the history of the world. The motives behind the war can be interestingly explained by Zinn from the chapter Tyranny Is Tyranny in A People’s History of The United States: 1â€Å"Around 1776, certain important people in the English colonies made a discovery that would prove enormously useful for the next two hundred years. 2They found that by creating a nation, a symbol, a legal unity called the United StatesRead MoreAmerican Revolution : The American Revolutionary War923 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution is known as the war fought between American and Great Britain, for Americans freedom. The American Revolution is also commonly known as the American Revolutionary War, or the U.S War of Independence. The War itself only last a short eight years, it began in 1775 and ended in 1783, but tensions had been building up for centuries between the Great Britain and the colonies at the given time period. The American Revolutionary War until 1778 was a war of independence betweenRead MoreThe American Revolution And The War Of Independence964 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent aspects of the American Revolution and the war of Independence, especially consisting of the people directly involved within the Americas. Of course the people of the colonies were involved because they were the main participant in the war and the British were involved because that is who the colonies were fighting to gain independence from. The Indians were involved in a minor way, mainly on the British side. The African Americans also played a part in helping the Americans. The French also playedRead MoreThe War Of Independence And The American Revolution1572 Words   |  7 Pagesheard ‘round the world† initiated the war for independence by the American colonists against the British. There were many reasons why the American Revolution came to be, but the two main reasons were for unjustified taxing a cts against the colonists and to receive independence from their mother country England. In the Age of Revolution there were many wars taking place around the world and the American Revolution was one of them, the main objective of these wars was for the achievement of liberty.Read MoreThe American Revolution And The Civil War1567 Words   |  7 Pagesthe eyes of most, the American Revolution was a momentous event that shaped not only what would now be the America we know today but the whole world as well. However, this event had ramifications that affected the history of America for many years to come. In fact, many of those same ramifications led to what we know as the American Civil War. While it may be difficult to distinguish whether or not the Civil War was an inevitable consequence of the American Revolution due to lack of correlatingRead MoreThe American Revolution And The War Of Independence999 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution, also known as the U.S. War of Independence, goes back to 1765-1783. One of the major effects of the American Revolution was that the colonies became recognized as independent. It was now separated from Great Britain. France joined in and became our allies and helped the colonies in 1778. Since France joined the war, they turned a civil war into an international war. There were a lot of causes that led up to the beginning and the end of the war. There was a lot of causes that

DEALING WITH GENRE free essay sample

The Effects of Rap Music on Teens Rap music has been around since the early sasss. It became popular rapidly, and expanded to deferent parts of the world. From its beginning, the rap culture has not been well liked, but the people who do listen to it get hooked on it quickly. For example, teenagers are huge fans of rap music. Although rap music Is so popular, It is becoming an Issue In society. It has had a negative effect on teens that the general public does not like.Rappers express themselves with their lyrics, which is how they ring their message across to their listeners. Teenagers try living by the lyrics of their favorite rap song. These teens do not realize that the messages sent to them are poisoning their minds. Most rappers do not live by their lyrics, but that is what most teens do not know. The negativity that rap music creates affects teenagers in a way that will change their attitude and personality by Introducing them to a negative atmosphere. We will write a custom essay sample on DEALING WITH GENRE or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Rap music may have an impact on teens that can drive them towards a criminal lifestyle.Rap music nowadays exposes many societal problems that teens an relate to. Flavor Fall, a famous legendary rapper once said, l remember rap music. We used to party and dance off of it. Today its all about a whole different angle.. . Rappers are going against each other, and Its more of a bragging, boasting thing. Meek Mill, a rapper from Philadelphia, has become well-known In every part of the united States. He has recently released his new mix tape, Dream Chasers 3 which has become a popular hit. One of Meek Mills famed songs from his new mix tape is Ooh Kill Me which is a mockery towards another rapper, Kindlier Lamar.In his song, Meek Mill says, You buck around with me, get smoked like a hookah. The line is using the smoke people would puff with a hookah to use the term smoked as getting shot, and most likely killed. Teens listen to those types of lyrics, and think that It Is an acceptable way of dealing with people they do not get along with. Raps Like these are what most teenagers are exposed to. Many teenagers consider Meek Mill an influential figure. Teens are exposed to his songs, and will eventually end up following in his footsteps.Violence, a major focus presented in rap music, affects eons by giving them the idea that what rappers say in their songs is something to look up to. All rappers want to be better than others, and they try to do that by setting an Image of them that will make teenagers think that they can be Just Like them. Lyrics that talk about guns and murders help teenagers to think that killing someone is acceptable. This has become a problem because more teenagers are going to Jail for violent crimes. One of Meek Mills song states, Cause if I was worried about something, all youll insignias getting murdered about something, straight up. That line is to let people know that if he had someone who he thought is better than him, he would get them murdered. Teenagers who listen to those types of lyrics will eventually think the same and act upon those words. Furthermore, Rappers use of this kind may influence a teenagers mind to say the type of things that the songs message is sending. For example, most songs use the words Amiga, and bitchy continuously. Therefore, the person listening to the song may think it is normal to refer to their male friends as Amiga, and to their female friends as bitchy. It is circumspectly to call others those words, but in a teenagers mind, that type of name calling is common. Rap music shapes our societys language, which affects how teenagers communicate with each other creating disrespect with words that mean much more too person. Moreover, The rap culture has implemented a type of attitude that makes teenagers think that males are superior to women. An example to this is Anti No Fun, a rap song written by Snoop Dog, a famous rapper who began his rapping career in the early sasss. This song makes male listeners feel that women are unimportant.It also makes teenagers think that the rapper is superior to women, and that he can have all the women he wants. Anti No Fun says things like, l know the pussys mine, so Im going to buck a couple more times, and then Im through with it. Theres nothing else to do with it, pass it to the homey, now you hit it, cause she anti nothing but a bitchy to me, and you know the bitched anti sit to me Youll never be my only one, trick ass bitchy. The underlying messages represent acts of perception which may lead teens to act carelessly towards women.In this ass, these rap lyrics affect male teenagers the most because the lyrics allow them to grow up thinking that females are trashy and worthless. This is a problem because it encourages disrespect and foul language. On the other hand, almost all of the songs that are popular nowadays reference drugs and alcohol. Rappers think that the only way to sell their records is by promoting negative values. The majority of songs dedicate their minutes to getting high and drunk. A rap song with lyrics about drugs and alcohol influences a teenager to try those things.Teenagers should not be ringing and smoking, especially not because the songs they listen to are telling them to do so. Teens that are exposed to drugs and alcohol at a young age are most likely to go to Jail and to commit dangerous offenses. In addition, todays teenagers are tomorrows future. Todays generation is going to be depended on in the upcoming years to take over important Jobs and professions. Modern rap is interfering with the way that teens are supposed to act. Physically, all rappers look the same. They use saggy clothes, have tattoos, piercing, and braids.Teenagers think that it is cool to pop from the physical appearance of rappers, but if they use rappers as a model of what they should look like, people will never take them seriously. Teenagers occasionally do not think twice about the way they present themselves physically, which may allow them to never find a good Job in the future. Also, way rappers write their lyrics is also becoming an issue. The way lyrics are written is improper. A large amount of rap uses words that are not existent. Rappers tend to misspell and change words. For example, instead of spelling trying, they spell, and pronounce the word s trans.This might confuse a teenager with how to write and speak. It will make it difficult for teenagers to write and speak because they will start expressing themselves the way their favorite rapper does. This is a problem because teenagers who are exposed to those types of lyrics would start spelling and speaking incorrectly which will make peers, teachers, or even parents not take them seriously. In the fans, rappers, producers, and intellectuals defend raps violence, both real and imagined, and its misogyny as a revolutionary cry of frustration from disemboweled youth.The rap culture has influenced teens to change the way they think and act. Years ago when rap became popular, rap was a way for people to speak freely about social and personal issues. By doing so, rappers engaged people, to become concerned and aware of these issues. Today, the rap culture has changed completely. Rap has become a part of most tens everyday lives, and they grow up thinking that life is based on the bad influence brought on by rap lyrics. The rap culture is still growing and it is becoming more popular than ever. More teenagers are getting exposed to this genre of music.

Statelessness and Discrimination

Introduction Many decades of uncontrolled migration of Haitians going to reside and work in other countries in the neighborhood have contributed to a noteworthy population in the Dominican Republic. These individuals are susceptible to extensive discrimination in addition to human rights abuse.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Statelessness and Discrimination specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consecutive governments by three major political parties have not been successful in the duty of establishing a legal structure that is attuned to the international standards. These governments have as well failed to act in response to the ill-famed and well-known abuses of immigration executives, the military, and the Central Electoral Board (CEB) coupled with health and education providers. The CEB denotes the authority accountable for issuing birth certificates and identity records to the individuals born in the co untry. Big groups, which also include the private sector, possess a vested concern in sustaining an uncontrolled stream of cheap and submissive workforce in agriculture, building and construction, and resort hotels sectors. The setback is made difficult by the deep-seated and ever-present injustices in the Dominican Republic, particularly amongst the oligarchy (Ferguson 296-297). The concept is that Dominican individuality is European and in particular Hispanic, despite the reality that Dominicans possess significant African origins. The aforementioned approaches toward Haiti and Haitian migrants have their origins in the ancient times when the Dominican Republic detached itself from Haiti following 22 years of occupancy by the latter. The Dominican xenophobia stood out conspicuously in 1937 when the tyranny of Rafael Trujillo commanded the armed forces to execute carnage of Haitian subjects in addition to Dominico-Haitians in the neighboring provinces. In this massacre, an estimate d six thousand individuals were murdered. The trend of statelessness remains a severe and ever-increasing problem in Dominican Republic. Scores of stateless people constitute the almost unconsidered but the most susceptible populace across the globe. The stateless individuals are not identified by the government of whichever country as citizens and are thus coerced into operating at the peripheries of the community (Howard et al. 350).Advertising Looking for research paper on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Devoid of citizenship, individuals usually possess no efficient legal defense, no capacity to ballot and minimal availability of education, jobs, medical attention, and birth and marriage certification. This research paper discusses the causes and general effects of statelessness and discrimination of Haitians in the Dominican Republic. Additionally, it digs into the history and effect of the methodical, unfair denial of citizenship for residents with Haitian origin by the government of the Dominican Republic and more so with regard to the 2005 Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) ruling. The situation of statelessness and discrimination exerted by the Dominican Republic over individuals with Haitian origin reveals a clear brutal act and violation of human rights. Statelessness and expatriation of Haitians from Dominican Republic The condition of statelessness does not denote a purely definite occurrence; instead, stateless individuals are found all over the world in addition to socioeconomic borders. In a universal expression, a stateless person signifies any individual that is not identified as a citizen by all countries through their citizenship certification and constitution. The reasons behind statelessness are complicated and multifarious and comprise country progression, discrimination, contradictory laws between countries, internal adjustments of citizenship laws and decolonization. Statelessness messes up the capacity of a person to carry out duties as a member of a community, both internally and globally, and its effects are harshly felt mentally in socioeconomic and socio-cultural perspectives. Whereas particular conditions differ between nations, every stateless individual ultimately encounters devastating problems of living without an approved nationality. In fact, legal identification credentials are vital to attaining a broad selection of rights (Ferguson, 298-299). For grown-ups, statelessness poses noteworthy obstructions to fundamental rights like marriage, possession of land, jobs and balloting, just to mention a few.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Statelessness and Discrimination specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The general effect of statelessness on kids is in particular upsetting. For kids, a lack of citizenship normally brings about the lack of acce ss to sufficient education, medical care, and security and constitutional rights provided by a nation. Thru none of their mistake, stateless kids forcefully become heirs to a hard reality in addition to a vague future. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) lays out the global criterion for the certification of birth of children. In accordance with UNCRC, children should be registered instantly after being born and must have the right to obtain citizenship, and as much as achievable the right to have and enjoy parental care. Different from the standards set by the international law, stateless kids and grown-ups face the denial of globally identified human rights and security because of their lack of nationality. As a result, they are not capable of traveling freely or obtaining fairness when needed (Ferguson 300-301). Moreover, lack of proper credentials and evidence of identity makes a person migration limbo, susceptible to expatriation. In a press briefin g by Amnesty International in 2007, it was reported that there existed instances of inhabitants of Haiti expatriated from the Dominican Republic devoid of a due progression. The government systems had thrown out, as per the human rights group, more than 25,000 Haitians every year. This expatriation encompassed even the ones that resembled Haitians regardless of if they had officially authorized citizenship or not. More than 500,000 Haitians were at that time having their occupations in the Dominican Republic. From the place of work to the streets, Haitian immigrants residing in the Dominican Republic take their rank at the lowest position of the social hierarchy (Ferguson 302). These immigrants together with their offspring born in the Dominican Republic encounter denial of the utmost fundamental rights in front of the very eyes of Dominican state and community. Taking into consideration the ones working in the building and agricultural industries, without referring to the ones work ing in the tourism sector, workers of Haitian origin constitute the biggest and most susceptible minority population. The mass expatriation done in the nonexistence of judicial supervision takes place together with the denial of Dominican nationality to a vast number of children born in the Dominican Republic but having parents of Haitian origin.Advertising Looking for research paper on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The aforesaid progressions go hand in hand with what is ordered by the first philosophy of Dominican antihaitianismo. This philosophy covers the actual nature of socioeconomic disparity in Dominican community by bending Haitians into scapegoats and the collective others who have the citizenship of the Dominican Republic. On the Day of independence, President Joaquin raised the concern of backing collaboration, but not the union with Haiti (Ferguson 303-304). The president stated categorically that the citizens of Haiti fit into a different ethnicity. All through this history, the philosophy of the antihaitianismo has worked to justify a continuing agenda to lessen the existence of Haitians in Dominican community, and in particular to eradicate bodies of the ones recognized as Haitians from the terrains of Dominican Republic. In the after-effects of the earthquake that occurred in Haiti in 2010, this strategy has remained as it were, although the Dominican Republic turned out to be t he first respondent to assist the Haitians following the calamity and allowed patients from Haiti to get services at their hospitals. In spite of development in dealings indicated through this aid coupled with the deferment of expatriation in the period after the earthquake, the systems in the Dominican Republic restarted their illegal operations on migrants early 2011. Masses of Haitians were expatriated in this tangle that entailed checkpoints erected in different places around the nation (Howard et al. 351-353). For instance, the highways in the outskirts towards the city contained some of the checkpoints and individuals that lacked appropriate documents were coerced into vehicles that drove them near the border. Executives in the Dominican Republic affirmed in validation of this feat that unauthorized immigrants had escalated from the time of the earthquake as well as the risk of cholera that accompanied it. Officials at the Immigration Department stated that they were only work ing fortify their immigration checks in a bid to protect the people of Haiti and residents from other countries from people unlawfully getting into their territory. In stressing this point, they affirmed that they had in no way infringed the human rights of any person. The capacity by which the Dominican Republic is capable of eliminating Haitian bodies past its borders is simplified by inhabited isolation, for instance, found in impecunious residential places. Inhabited isolation permits the police force as well as military in the Dominican Republic an instant oversight of a high population of Haitian origin (Morgan et al. 22). De facto isolation like that discourages the absorption of the individuals of Haitian origin into the Dominican Republic and thus propagating the ‘us’ against ‘them’ way of thinking that lies deep inside the antihaitianismo. The reality that immigrants from Haiti lack passports, proper identity documents from the government of Domin ican Republic, work permits and travel permits and have a tendency of fleeing mass evictions illustrates that even the ones that with lawful credentials allowing their residing in the nation cannot intermingle with the Dominican community. In accordance with the Jesuit Refugee Services, the individuals that are expatriated normally comprise of the ones born in the Dominican Republic, who are additionally kept isolated from the communal mainstream. Shockingly, the Jesuit-supported group has criticized the expatriation as infringement of the country’s immigration laws (Ferguson 305). In accordance with the way of comprehending repatriation systems that were concurred upon by the two nations in 1999, the expatriation of undocumented inhabitants is to be reverential of human rights. It was as well agreed that expatriation was to take place within suitable daytime hours, and must offer deportees the chance to retain their credentials. Instances of this accord not being followed, n evertheless, are both usual and awful. In early 2007, an organization by the name Amnesty International pointed the instance of a girl of Haitian origin aged 8 years who was detained in 2004 by authorities in Dominican Republic on the supposition that she belonged to Haiti and was kept in custody for one night as an unpredictable immigrant with no means of contacting her parents. The cruel treatment the poor girl faced included two instances of being slapped hard that caused her mouth to bleed uncontrollably (Howard et al. 354-356). A Dominican human rights group stopped her expatriation by tabling watertight evidence that the girl in question was a citizen of the Dominican Republic by birth and therefore had all the right to reside there. Moreover, recently the Dominican government commanded all the inhabitants to carry their identification document at all times. The identification document regarded as proper is the cedula. In one instance, an adult person that had 42 years of age was a Dominican by birth and with parents of Haitian origin did not have a certificate of birth. His four kids that were citizens of the Dominican Republic by birth were not in a position to obtain cedulas also owing to monetary constraints to obtaining the required identification documents. The request alone for a certificate of birth, with no assurance of getting it, required one to pay a total of 147 dollars, a figure that is way above the monthly income of many residents (Howard et al. 357). People of Dominican citizenship by birth but having a Haitian origin and that did not have certificates of birth are denied access to the required public, cultural, societal and financial services to assist in making them independent, successful members of the community. Moreover, their education is inhibited by forbiddance against their continuing past the primary school state. Their public and political worth is thwarted by bans against their acquiring the proper identification documents t hat could permit them to cast a vote or even obtain employment opportunity in the formal sector. In early 2007, the government of the Dominican Republic was forced to adhere to international forces in providing recompense to two ladies with a Haitian parentage to whom it had left without residency. One of these ladies was to obtain a recompense of 8,000 dollars with an extra 6,000 dollars for legal charges. The conformity to the judgment given by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) in 2005 shocked everyone as the then president of Dominican Republic had publicly stated that his government was not going to offer the recompense (Ferguson 306). Nonetheless, the cause provided for the aforementioned denial was that the parents of these girls had not fulfilled the obligation for registration behind schedule. This reason demonstrated the fortitude of the strenuous attempts to deny citizenship to the kids born in the Dominican Republic in the same condition. In this regard, in a bid to guarantee that bowing to the judgment of the IACHR did not develop a standard for permitting citizenship or providing recompense to individuals in similar conditions, the government of Dominican Republic amended some sections in its constitution. This was with the intention of allowing people with Haitian origin residing in the Dominican Republic to be regarded as residing in the nation in transit and thus incapable of having their offspring as applicants for nationality. An effect of this act, certainly, was to guarantee the continued expatriation of people of Haitian origin and thereby preventing them from incorporation into the Dominican community (Howard et al. 358-360). In recent times, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights urged the government of the Dominican Republic to provide one-year numerous entry permits to Haitians that had to make trips in and out of Dominican Republic and Haiti countries with the intention of paying visits to friends whose earthquak e-associated medical conditions were worse enough to necessitate health care in hospitals within the Dominican Republic. Nevertheless, by early 2010, just six of such travel permits had been given. It now remains unclear if the government of the Dominican Republic will provide more numerous-entry travel permits to Haitians with friends and relatives having health and additional humanitarian requirements or not. Further, then protesting strongly against the probable unlawful retroactive exertion of any constitutional amendment, civil group activists should keep on prioritizing the requirement for a uniform playing-ground. Contrary to the United States or the majority of nations in Latin America that have obtained noteworthy levels of migrants, the Dominican Republic has never had a regulation plan for illegal long-term inhabitant despite being an influential campaigner for the rights of Dominican emigrants and their children overseas. Nevertheless, maybe the greatest hindrance to com bating the paring down of the decree of law is not essentially based on law but culture. Whereas the local legal philosophy is paramount and indispensable, strengthened civic edification to make sure that a country is answerable to basic rights of its inhabitants is more important (Howard et al. 361-364). Racial discrimination and unfairness in Dominican Republic The colonization account of the area has brought about persistent racial discrimination in the Dominican Republic. While there lacks any certified government strategy of discrimination in the Dominican Republic, there is nonetheless a weighty and established problem of racial discrimination and unfairness. This arises against the people of Haiti, residents of the Dominican Republic who are of Haitian origin and commonly blacks living in the Dominican Republic (Ferguson 307). Even though none of the Dominican legislation is discriminatory as they appear, regulations concerning immigration, civil position and the provision of Dominican nationality to individuals of Haitian origin have an influence in the community in a way that could be classified as discriminatory. Following a far-reaching interview that was carried out in a bid to comprehend the discrimination that black people of Haitian and Dominican origin encounter, it was found out that blacks characteristically reside in worse situations. Additionally, they are hired in manual and poor paying jobs and suffer a great extent of injustice (Howard et al. 365-367). Upsetting references are directed to the black people like being uninformed, dirty or pig feed and many black people declared their everyday encounters of racial discrimination by government officers working in registration sectors, on buses, trains and other means of transport in addition to other places. The majority of blacks stated that owing to their skin color or their Haitian origin; it was not possible to acquire registration permits and therefore is left susceptible to expatriatio n or extradition to Haiti, which comprised of Dominican residents that had no link at all with that nation (Haiti). Consequent to this discovery, the United Nations professionals strongly proposed that the global community make sure that the Dominican Republic adapts to the responsibilities stipulated in the international human rights law, comprising the eradication of any kind of racism. It was not rare for the citizenship of different individuals to be openly in conflict, uncertain, and faced with disagreements. It was frequent for people believed to be Haitians being kept in custody by the police and expatriated to Haiti, regardless of registration documents they had. Haitians are as well suddenly discriminated in the culture of Dominican Republic thru their appearances, references and terms. Additionally, many residents of the Dominican Republic, with the inclusion of the government, employ the dyslogistic term ‘Haitinization’ when referring to the depressing impact s that they attribute to the presence of poor Haitians living in the nation. Partly, this animosity could be attributed to the reality that the Dominican Republic is an underprivileged country, with 30% of its populace existing below the poverty line (Howard et al. 368-370). With inadequate resources, the negative reactions concerning Haitians are propagated not just by the historic attempts for island supremacy but as well by a continued existence state of mind. Support operations Even though has at no time drew a similar intensity of concern like other sectors that are key to global human rights legal framework, it is currently a segment of the official strategy discussion at the United Nations. For over 20 years, campaigners have established affirmations that completely connect statelessness to the difficulties of offering personal protection and enhancing dignity, therefore taking it into the human rights establishment. For instance, the Declaration on the Right to Development ( DRD) identified the global autonomy to take part in, chip in to and have the pleasure in economic, political, cultural and social advancements, where all human rights are entirely attained. More lately, nevertheless, the perception of statelessness has been clearly connected with movements to regularize immigration, citizenship and individuality in addition to strategies of fairness (Ferguson 308). The difficulty of stopping statelessness has as well emerged in the concern of climate change program, in the detection that mounting sea levels could imply the end to the survival of several low-lying countries. Projection for Change Since the matter is anchored in the complex account of the two countries sharing an island, the solution to the situation of statelessness present in the Dominican Republic will necessitate more than undemanding lawmaking or constitutional amendments. Intellectuals, as well as campaigners of human rights, have recognized racism in access to citizenship as an international problem (Howard et al. 371). The judgment by IACHR is deemed a vital resolution for its participation in international law on non-discrimination in addition to global human right to citizenship. From 1950, there have been campaigns by the United Nations (UN) that countries take action in identifying stateless individuals and prevent the establishment of statelessness as a whole. The United Nations Economic and Social Council (UNESC) advice nations to considerately assess requests for naturalization made by stateless individuals usually inhabitants in their terrain and, if need be, to re-assess their laws on citizenship. This is in a bid to decrease as much as achievable the level of statelessness initiated by action of laws like those. To make this possible, the government of the Dominican Republic should completely adhere to ruling by IACHR and consider the advice given. The Dominican Republic and Haiti must both create and execute non-discriminatory nationality stra tegies. In particular, strategies on registration, identification of nationality, and immigration that hinder statelessness and function toward improving the state of the ones presently distressed. The government of the Dominican Republic should completely adhere to the IACHR judgment of 2005 and express to the global society that they strictly hold the international standards. In realistic expressions, the government of Dominican Republic has to establish and execute a registration technique in a bid to grant certificates of birth to every child born in the Dominican Republic, regardless of the migration position, ethnic group and race of the parents. Possibly even more significantly, the government must strive to make sure that the suitable practice of the law is adhered to in instances where the citizenship of a person is taken to task (Howard 65-68). Several proposals and policies for a suitable reaction by the government of the Dominican Republic have been considered by the glo bal society. A number of countries have advised the Dominican government to respect the United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless People (UNCRSSP). Several nations have as well affirmed that the UNHCR, being the United Nations organization with the authority in aid of stateless individuals, develop a dynamic, lasting existence in the Dominican Republic. Moreover, venture and contribution in the establishment of a local reaction to the intricate concern of statelessness and immigration founded on human rights have as well been recommended as a way dealing with the present condition (Howard 69-71). International organizations like the World Bank have forwarded proposals for deliberation with the intention of helping the government of the Dominican Republic with the provision of registration and birth legal documents. Nevertheless, Proposals like the ones forwarded by the World Bank have faced significant opposition, from Non-governmental Organizations (NGO) that co nsider that these plans could propagate the systematic discrimination of residents of the Dominican Republic having a Haitian origin. On the other hand, intellectuals and legal professionals on Haitian concerns have made strides towards dealing with the problem of statelessness and discrimination. These scholars concluded that it was necessary to make amendments in the Haitian constitution in a bid to provide nationality rights to Haitians in Diaspora, taking no consideration of the nationality position in their accepted nation. Moreover, the scholars affirmed that such human rights must as well be granted to kids of Haitian refugees in the Dominican Republic (Howard 72-75). This recommendation will only assist individuals that both desire and are capable of going back to Haiti. The majority of stateless individuals that were born in the Dominican Republic bears no strong connections to Haiti and prefers living in the Dominican Republic. Conclusion In spite of the anticipation of th e international esteem and adherence to the international standards and obligations for citizenship, currently, the level of statelessness keeps on rising with minimal action being put in place to better the situation. There prevails a growing international attention, with regard to the conditions in the Dominican Republic, that the laws, government strategies, and processes pose discrimination against residents in the country who have a Haitian origin with respect to their right to nationality.  This element exists in infringement of the responsibilities to its residents and standards of international law (Morgan et al. 32). Ultimately, Haiti and the Dominican Republic, with the aid of the international community, will find it necessary to establish strategies that would satisfy the anticipations of the international law, guarantee the rights of stateless individuals, and strive toward a decrease in the level of statelessness in coming years. The governments must encounter the ha rd task of traversing the false impression of history that the individuals in the two countries exist in detached worlds. In a bid to curb the effects of statelessness on people, an incorporated teamwork is required and it should involve governments, international NGOs, and organizations of the UN, with a bigger responsibility to be carried out by the UNHCR. Finally, the Dominican Republic bears the chance to come up with standards for tackling the intricate concerns presented by the trouble of statelessness, but it is still unclear whether it will make this step with or without extra force from the international community. Works Cited Ferguson, James. â€Å"Migration in the Caribbean: Haiti the Dominican Republic and beyond, London: Minority Groups International, 2003. Print. Howard, David. Coloring the nation: Race and ethnicity in the Dominican Republic, Colorado, Lynne Rienner Pub., 2001. Print. Howard, David, Julie Gazmararian, and Ruth Parker. â€Å"The impact of low health literacy on the medical costs of Medicare managed care enrollees.† The American journal of medicine 118.4 (2005): 350-371. Print. Morgan, Jana, Jonathan Hartlyn, and Rosario Espinal. â€Å"Dominican Party System Continuity amid Regional Transformations: Economic Policy, Clientelism, and Migration Flows.† Latin American Politics and Society 53.1 (2011): 1-32. Print. This research paper on Statelessness and Discrimination was written and submitted by user Desiree Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.